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Even if you don t set the AUDIT_TRAIL parameter to any value, Oracle will still write audit information to an operating system file for all database actions that are audited by default. On a UNIX system, the default location for this file is the $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/audit directory. Of course, you can specify a different directory if you wish.

The AUDIT_FILE_DEST parameter specifies the directory in which the database will write the audit records, when you choose the operating system as the destination with the AUDIT_TRAIL parameter by specifying AUDIT_TRAIL=os. You can also specify this parameter if you choose the XML or XML,EXTENDED options for the AUDIT_TRAIL option, since the audit records are written to operating system files in both cases. Example: AUDIT_FILE_DEST=/u01/app/oracle/audit Default value: $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/audit Parameter type: Dynamic. You can modify this parameter with the ALTER SYSTEM . . . DEFERRED command.

Private TwentyMinutes As TimeSpan = New TimeSpan(0, 20, 0) Public ReadOnly Property IsIdle() As Boolean Get Return TimeSpan.op_GreaterThan( DateTime.Now.Subtract(LastActivity), TwentyMinutes) End Get End Property Public Sub Connect() If Connected Then Return _socket = New Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp) Dim hostEntry As IPHostEntry = Dns.GetHostByName(HostAddress) Dim endPoint As New IPEndPoint(hostEntry.AddressList(0), 8020) Socket.Connect(EndPoint) FireConnected(Socket) End Sub Public Sub Disconnect() If _socket Is Nothing Then Return _socket.Close() _socket = Nothing FireDisconnected() End Sub Public Event OnConnected(ByVal theSocket As Socket) Sub FireConnected(ByVal theSocket As Socket) RaiseEvent OnConnected(theSocket) End Sub Public Event OnDisconnected() Sub FireDisconnected() RaiseEvent OnDisconnected() End Sub End Class Once you open a connection, the Coordinator sends a request and starts a listener thread that waits for incoming messages from the server. Listing 12-9 and Listing 12-10 show C# and VB .NET implementations of HttpRequest. Listing 12-9. The C# Implementation of the HttpRequest Class public class HttpRequest { Socket socket; public HttpRequest(Socket theSocket) { socket = theSocket; }

If set to a value of true, AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS will audit all actions of the SYS user and any other user with a SYSDBA or SYSOPER role and will write the details to the operating system audit trail specified by the AUDIT_TRAIL parameter. By writing the audit information to a secure operating system location, you remove any possibility of the SYS user tampering with an audit trail that is located within the database. The possible values are true and false. Example: AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS=true Default value: false Parameter type: Static

LDAP_DIRECTORY_SYSAUTH is a new initialization parameter in Oracle Database 11g that enables or disables directory authentication for the SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges. Possible values are yes and no. Example: LDAP_DIRECTORY_SYSAUTH=yes Default value: None Parameter type: Static

The most important of the general parameters is the parameter that sets the name of the database. Let s look at this set of parameters in detail.

public void Post(string theLocalPath, int theSequenceNumber, string theMessage) { IPEndPoint endPoint = socket.RemoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint; string header = string.Format("POST {0} HTTP/1.1\r\n" + "Host: {1}:{2}\r\n" + "Sequence-Number: {3}\r\n" + "Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n" + "Content-Length: {4}\r\n", theLocalPath, endPoint.Address, endPoint.Port, theSequenceNumber, theMessage.Length); string message = string.Format("{0}\r\n{1}", header, theMessage); byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message); NetworkStream stream = new NetworkStream(socket); stream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); } } Listing 12-10. The VB .NET Implementation of the HttpRequest Class Public Class HttpRequest Private _socket As Socket Public Sub New(ByVal theSocket As Socket) _socket = theSocket End Sub Public Sub Post(ByVal theLocalPath As String, _ ByVal theSequenceNumber As Integer, _ ByVal theMessage As String) Dim endPoint As IPEndPoint = DirectCast(socket.RemoteEndPoint, IPEndPoint) Dim header As String = String.Format("POST {0} HTTP/1.1" + ControlChars.NewLine + _ "Host: {1}:{2}" + ControlChars.NewLine + _ "Sequence-Number: {3}" + ControlChars.NewLine + _ "Connection: Keep-Alive" + ControlChars.NewLine + _ "Content-Length: {4}" + ControlChars.NewLine, _ theLocalPath, endPoint.Address, _ endPoint.Port, theSequenceNumber, _ theMessage.Length) Dim message As String = String.Format("{0}{1}{2}", header, ControlChars.NewLine, theMessage) Dim bytes As Byte() = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message) Dim stream As New NetworkStream(socket) stream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length) End Sub End Class

The DB_NAME parameter sets the name of the database. This is a mandatory parameter, and the value is the same as the database name you used to create the database. The DB_NAME value should be the same as the value of the ORACLE_SID environment variable. This parameter can t be changed after the database is created. You can have a DB_NAME value of up to eight characters. Example: DB_NAME=orcl11 Default value: false Parameter type: Static The DB_UNIQUE_NAME parameter lets you specify a globally unique name for the database.